Abstract

Kashmir Valley has been a subject of discussion since 1947 because of political discord between Pakistan and India. Article 370 and 35(A) of the Indian Constitution were abrogated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi giving Kashmir and its inhabitants certain benefits, just as Kashmir has its own constitution. This paper scouts Pakistan's modified foreign policy towards India in the after-effect of Articles 370 and 35(A) of the Indian Constitution being abrogated. Further, owing to the critical review of available literature, the paper will seek to present how it cast the relationship between Trump and Modi which benefited Modi in making such a smooth move in occupied Kashmir. This research concentrates on what are Modi's motives and strategies behind revoking the Indian Constitution Articles 370 and 35 (A) that motivate Modi to take these steps on Kashmir now. 

Key Words:

Foreign Policy, Leadership, Personality, Kashmir, Article 370 and 35 (A), India, 

 

Pakistan 

Introduction

The peace of today's world is seized by certain issues including the Kashmir Issue. The international community has attempted to determine numerous such issues however the issue of Kashmir is left to be settled. Pakistan and India have mainly gone through three major wars and a number of conflicts regarding the unresolved issue of Kashmir i.e. 1948, 1971, and 1965, and also a limited war in 1999 of Kargil and the current actions on Kashmir by India are weighting the chances of war between Pakistan and India (GOYAL, 2019). 26 October 1947 has been marked as an important event in history as Maharaja Hari Singh signed the "Instrument of Accession" with India and asked the Indian Government that the issue be solved according to the will and wishes of the union territory which later served as the foundation of Article 370 of Indian Constitution (Kapur, 2019). Though Maharaja had declared accession to India Provision 5 of the document clearly pronounces that terms of this record are constant and any law/demonstration cannot be changed or corrected without the acknowledgment of another accepted instrument. Even provision 6 of the document provides assistance that signing of this document did not give any power to India to make laws related to the acquisition of land in the state for any purpose but Modi's government being unconcerned with historical realities revoked articles Article 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution on 5 August 2019(BBC, 2019). Article 370 and 35(A) of the Indian Constitution were abrogated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi giving Kashmir and its inhabitants certain benefits, just as Kashmir has its own constitution but this status of Kashmir was snatched by the Indian Government on 5 August, 2019 which lead to the transformation of the whole demography of Kashmir (Anuja, 2019).  This paper scouts Pakistan's modified foreign policy towards India in the after-effect of Articles 370 and 35(A) of the Indian Constitution being abrogated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The study further signifies leadership as an important determinant in Foreign Policy. Further, owing to the critical review of available 

literature, the paper will seek to present how the relationship between Trump and Modi benefited Modi in making such a smooth move in occupied Kashmir. This research concentrates on what are Modi's motives and strategies behind revoking the Indian Constitution Articles 370 and 35 (A) that motivate Modi to take these steps on Kashmir now. The methodology that I have used includes qualitative data as it is nonnumerical, descriptive, applies reasoning, and uses words. The data I have collected is secondary data i.e. Journal articles, and e-books as it was collected by someone else for their own purpose but now I am using it for my paper. This research is applied and explanatory in nature (Ahmad, 2020). 

Removal of Special status of Kashmir

In January 1950, the Indian Constitution regarded Kashmir with a special status, the status of exercising its own separate constitution (Gupta, 2018). In 1954 by Presidential order, Article 35A appealed to Jammu and Kashmir under which, the residents of Kashmir who had inhabited the state for seven decades, would be considered as the permanent inhabitants of Kashmir (Sharma, 2019). The Indian demonstration of revoking Article 370 and 35(A) was against the provision of Instrument of Accession which was signed by Hari Singh, which expressed that the state of Jammu and Kashmir can't be constrained to the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India was set forth to provide Kashmir, with a special status, and Articles 370 &35(A) were made as a part of the Indian Constitution. 

 

Indian Constitution Article 370 

This Article of the Indian Constitution gave unique status to Jammu and Kashmir, permitting it to have its separate constitution, its own state flag, and independence from the administration of the Indian state but this special status to Kashmir granted under this article was abandoned in August 2019 through a Presidential order. Article 370 enfolded five arrangements for Jammu and Kashmir (Buchanan, 2019): 

1. It highlighted that the Constitution of India will not be applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The state was granted power to have its own constitution. 

2. The powers of central legislation over the state were restricted as the central government of the Indian constitution cannot interfere in the internal matters of the state. 

3. The concurrence granted was temporary and provisional. It needs to be ratified by the state's Constituent Assembly mainly the Jammu and Kashmir’s elected assembly. 

4. Article 370 cannot be removed or amended without the permission and recommendation of the State's elected assembly. 

5. The Indian administrative government's powers over the State of Jammu and Kashmir were only limited to defense, foreign affairs, and communications (Anuja, 2019). 

 

Article 35 (A) of the Indian Constitution 

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. According to the Indian Constitution, Article 35A appealed on the territory of Jammu and Kashmir in 1954 by Presidential Order. This article gives the Jammu and Kashmir administrative body full exceptional capacity to choose who are the 'permanent inhabitants' of the state, giving them additional rights and benefits in regards to working with the state government, obtaining property in the state, settling in the state, and the privilege to acquire different types of grants that the state government provides such as scholarships and aid. This article also prohibited the non-Kashmiri people from acquiring or buying any share of property in Jammu and Kashmir and also put restrictions on having dual nationality of India and Kashmir, put limits on non-Kashmiris for acquisition of jobs in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and dines any type of enforcement by non-Kashmiri to marry Kashmiri women (Khokhar, 2019). 

 

Lockdown in Kashmir 

According to the findings concluded by tracker internet shutdown in, it is estimated that in the following 2019 year, it is repeatedly the 51st time that entrance to the web which is proclaimed a fundamental human right by the UN has been shut down in Kashmir (Ahmad, 2020). 

Examining the year 2018 there was a numeric of 65 shutdowns, establishing a total range of 176 times in the course of recent years (Max Roser, 2020). But this time a breath situation took place that even landline systems were closed down, leaving a huge number of Kashmiris people to remain disconnected from their families and leaving the people with no choice of connecting methods with their loved ones. The most exceedingly terrible lockdown in over 70 years on contention in Kashmir was performed on August 5 after the Government revoked articles 270 and 35(A) of the Indian Constitution (Ganguly, 2019). Viewing a few correspondences limitations like on landline telephones and other local administrations, have been facilitated yet the prohibition on the web or any type of content informing associations still proceeds. Looking at the educational and economic sectors, Kashmir has been the most exceedingly terrible region in the world as its schools and universities stay shut the most long duration and the academic courses lose over a quarter of a year of their scholarly schedule (Li, 2019). A large ratio of Laborers were killed by speculated revolts in the region. Many explosive assaults were deemed to be admitted in the region. During the day the Parliament of India revoked Article 370, a great number of soldiers were sent fully expecting fights from the Kashmiris against the Indian government (Ganguly, 2019). The district was transformed into a dense region with arm-equipped soldiers to be placed at every corner of the state noticing the people's behavior and their activities during the lockdown. In order to prevent the protestants from protesting, it was for the first time in the history of Kashmir that when Kashmiris were not been permitted to offer Eid prayers in mosques for fear of gathering the mass ratio together which may lead to protests. There has been an extraordinary utilization of pellet firearms by the Indian powers to control dissents in the Kashmir valley and cause extreme wounds and even visual deficiency. Scores of individuals especially including little kids and women have been harmed more during the lockdown and intense situation in Kashmir (Loke, 2019). Reports state there has been a huge increase in psychological issues among the inhabitants of Indian-occupied Kashmir. It has been stated the lockdown has caused psychological issues such as tension, headache, stress, and sadness in their personality traits (Sidiq, 2019). 

Pakistan Foreign Policy towards India

India's choice to renounce Kashmir status will probably go to additionally entangle IndiaPakistan's two-sided relations. Ongoing geopolitical changes as the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan foreseen by India as the conceivable victory of return of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. These issues may constrain the Modi government to speed up its mechanism in Kashmir. The Indian government is likely stressing the fact that if the US pulls back from Afghanistan and the Taliban regime comes back to control, they along with Pakistan will direct their concentration towards Kashmir. By altering the narrative that has been maintained since the 

Shimla Agreement of 1972, the Indian government is now seeking to change the dynamics of the Kashmir issue and doing so by removing the special status of Kashmir by abrogating the articles concerning granting Kashmir's special status. According to this Agreement India and Pakistan need to address and seek out their differences and problems bilaterally (Bhargava, 1973). The new claim towards Kashmir has made the Kashmir issue the only internal matter of India strictly, prohibiting Pakistan or any other party from intervening in it (Article 35A: Why a special law on Kashmir is controversial, 2019).  

Islamabad has increased its political hostility to earn worldwide help on the Kashmir issue, significantly by eliminating the Indian High Magistrate in Pakistan, halting cross-border exchange and trade with India, and starting efforts to China, the US, the Unified Countries, and the Association of Islamic Participation (OIC) (Schultz, 2019). Including orders from Imran Khan, all cinemas should ban Indian or Bollywood movies and television from Indian channels and not play any Indian or Bollywood TV serials. Thus putting the severe Indian supremacist system, structure, and human rights infringement away from getting mixed into Muslims' belief system. PM Imran Khan likewise guided the military to stay careful and active. Cautioning that India's move could incite strife in the state, the leader said he would likewise take the issue to the Worldwide Criminal Court to address the Human Rights Violation made in Kashmir by India.  PM Imran Khan requested the worldwide network to seek help and take action for the sake of the protection of humanity against Modi's disregarding Muslims as an enemy of Hindus behind their motivation (Lindborg, 2019).  

 

Pakistan calls for UN. 

On 16 August 2019, The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) carried India-Pakistan resolution entryway meeting on the urge demand of China and Pakistan to encourage the two India cruel practices alerting in occupied Kashmir(UN, 2019). This meeting again officially demanded to take up the Kashmir issue, which is as yet on the 

UNSC resolution list. Pakistan's UN representative Maleeha Lodhi admired the meeting conversation to guide by the proclamation of voice over the current circumstances involving occupied Kashmir due to the abrogation of Articles 270& 35 (A) and to look upon the common freedoms like a right of self-determination and Human Rights circumstances in occupied Kashmir (Reporter, 2019). But even after Pakistan's current efforts to sharpen the UN response plan on India's choice to overturn Kashmir's status compromises South Asia's tranquility and security, in any case, the committee's present stance doesn't appear to support Pakistan. Among the member states of UNSC, only China straightforwardly favors Pakistan while the remaining member states; the UK, France, Russia, and even the US need India and Pakistan to address the differences relating to Kashmir in an interregional framework setup benefitting India for its accusing stance on Kashmir as its internal issue. The current PM of Pakistan's speech at the UN on 27 September 2019, was aimed at addressing the Kashmir issue which excluded any reference to Kashmir in Modi's speech held prior. Further, the speech openly reminded the world of the notion of implications for the world as Pakistan and India have both been atomic nuclear states. His speech reflects decimation to depict India's aims for the contested occupied Kashmir and has whined that Modi has overlooked any supplications for an exchange dialogue between Pakistan and India on the Kashmir issue. But the continuous effort to isolate India and Modi's strategy to address the issue of the UN to be operated in occupied Kashmir did not get a hype to stop violated practices in Kashmir but froze Modi's stance to overturn articles for a time being (UN, 2019).  

 

Independence Day of Pakistan as Kashmir Solidarity Day 

On 14 August 2019, Prime Minister Imran Khan stated14 August to be celebrated as Kashmir Solidarity Day and claimed 14 August 2019 as a Black day for Pakistan and denoted this day as a mission event by recalling the independence day of Pakistan as Kashmir Solidarity Day (DAWN, 2019). The independence speech made on Pakistan's Independence Day reflects standing through the grievances faced by the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The foreign policy response plan of Pakistan through this mission day event targets the regional implications for India. And denotes a symbol to the oppressed people of Kashmir that Pakistan remains by them and will keep on stretching out good and political help to their battle for their rights and self-determination. And also portrayed a notion likewise intended to reroute India to turn over from their unlawful and improper practices in Kashmir such as abrogation of Articles 270 and 35(A). This was also a sharp policy attained by Pakistan in the form of a mission event portrayed just before the day of India's Independence day (Ahmad, The BJP’s Flawed Blueprint for Resurrecting Kashmir’s 

Pakistan's Approach to Bollywood Ban

Pakistan not only the Bollywood industry, their TV dramas, and films but also boycotted all cultural interactions with India. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority due to the heightening pressures between Pakistan and India on the issue of Occupied Kashmir that gained momentum after Modi's move to abrogate Articles 270 and 35(A), included banning 11 brands from India whose substances were been restricted from running on Pakistan based television channels and programs. The prohibition on broadcasting mentioned reasons for the youth and their count on India's media channels and programs, their social trade services and thus occupying the brains with India's cultural vision. Therefore it was basic to contain Indian media substance that in an ambiguous way depicted their bogus fixed Indian cultural vision. Indian interchange programs and channels will be managed by ISPR to disallow any negative say dependent on sources which could possibly harm the public account over the issue (NEWS, 2019). 

Pakistan has somehow succeeded in unpopularizing the soft power image maintained by India concentrating on the linings of Pakistan by establishing a strong array of Indian cultural dimensions into the Pakistani mindset of people but the Pakistan approach to Bollywood Bans criticism of India's soft power media range and enfolds the strengthening of Pakistan's soft power image by utilizing such tactics of foreign policy towards India and thus establishing new certainties by entering into a new techno-digital median into the realm of Foreign Policy of Pakistan towards India (ALJAZEERA, Kashmir special status explained: What are Articles 370 and 35A? 2019).  

 

Pakistan Kashmir Highway Name changing Project  

The decision to encounter the Modi administration government dismissing the status of Kashmir by overturning Articles 270 & 35(A) of the Indian Constitution. The name-changing projects pulled into practice on 5th August 2020 labeling Pakistan to be the supporter and therefore standing by with solidarity with Kashmir. The name-changing project of renaming Kashmir Highway to Srinagar Highway. The name-changing projects informed about the oneyear violation-oriented anniversary of Indian occupied Kashmir as on 5 August 2019, Articles 270&35 (A) Indian Constitution were abrogated (BBC, 2019). The renaming of the Srinagar Expressway is a representative advance move that tries to bring issues to light on the issue that is of prime significance to Pakistan (BBC, 2019). 

 

International Response Supports Gain for Pakistan 

The worldwide network keeps on treating Kashmir as a worldwide debate to repeal Article 370 and 35(A). Responses received from all over the world show that the Kashmir issue has become one of the modern debates still being the longest outstanding dispute. Concern over the Kashmir issue uncovers the fact it has become the subject of humanity.  

? Amnesty International reacted by viewing the current situation going on the Kashmir and additionally referenced that utilization of pellet firearms and different weapons used against the Kashmiris people are in disobedience of global human rights models (Maqbool, 2019). 

? Human Rights Watch referenced that fundamental opportunities and the basic rights of the Kashmiri people are in danger in Kashmir and requested that India should guarantee rights assurances in Kashmir and withdraw from its further violations in Kashmir (Ganguly, 2019). 

? Genocide Watch / Annihilation Watch which is also known as Organizer of the Coalition Against Genocide, gave a 

'slaughter alert' as a combined voice of the UN and its members to caution India not to perform any further destruction in Kashmir since it asserted that all the "ten phases of the destructive procedure are on edge to adopt a full-scale genocide act (Gentlemen, 2019). 

The revocation not only gained International Support but critics from within the Indian state also arose as the citizens of India were not happy with this act of their government as they acted in urgency and called this revocation a subjective abuse of state power. They critically blamed their legislature and showed their grief for not being pleased by the act of their government. In New Delhi, Even Several individuals poop up by challenging the Indian government's move and considered that the Indian Government has set up a bad Democracy example in the world and requested that the Indian government reexamine its move.  The Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister, Mehbooba Mufti expressed her deep sorrow for what India has done and felt that the individuals of Jammu and Kashmir are left with nothing (Asia, 2019). Kashmiri government official Shah Feisal also criticized the move by condemning this move as the greatest disloyalty by the Indian state in the most recent 70 years (Desk, 2019). 

 

Modi's strategic motives to overturn Articles 370&35(A) 

Narendra Modi while winning the remarkable victory in the national elections set his agenda based upon a solid Hindu patriotism vision. Removal of Kashmir's status has been a constant and firm interest in the stance of Hindu patriots. India has foreseen the greatest decrease in its political democratic activities as compared to standing among the greatest democracies of the world so considering this chance as an accurate lead Leader Narendra Modi's administration takes its Hindu patriot plan to another level. Considering the Hindu religion and the 

Hindutva belief system are two total opposites and under Modi's regime there seems an expanded underestimation of Muslims and different sects or minorities' belief systems other than Hindus. According to Modi 'Hindutva' alone and solely can set the premise of India's solidarity and visualized that Hinduism isn't a religion only but is considered to be the lifestyle of Indian society Modi's administration has a background marked by feeding pressures among Hindus and Muslims, with its political guideline currently centered on Hindutva and conceptualized Hinduism as a character, character to be indulged in the blood and lifestyle of Hindus instead to be conceptualized it as philosophy or religion. So the intentions are cleared for assuring Modi's move in Kashmir and removing the special status of Kashmir to limit Kashmir only to Hindus and make it clean from Muslims or any other minorities and preserving nationalist vision linked up to the Hari Singh Commitment as Known as Accession Day. It was the first time in history that this year under Modi's administration declared 26 October as a public holiday in the union territory as 26 October marked the date when Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession in 1947. The government announced 26 October as a public holiday in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in terms of 'Accession Day' (Desk I.T., 2019). The Indian government has abused its own constitution to advance its belief system and denied Kashmir to practice of its special status. This move satisfies the point of Hindu Patriotism and BJP-RSS ideology that Jammu and Kashmir, as the larger part Muslim state in the Indian association, must not be permitted to exist. Modi's move to make Jammu and Kashmir aligned with the Indian Union was not sudden even during his first term, in 2014, government bodies started rewriting and consulting books and freedom reports on the behavior of Muslims and highlighting sections on Muslim rulers and their cruelty thus setting the mind of the extremist Hindu priorities the implications if Jammu and Kashmir to be captured by Muslims (Experts, 2019). Thus indulging Intense hate against Muslims in more than 15 percent of India's populace has been seen to be additionally expanded under Mr. Modi making it evident that his administration favors Hindus over Muslims. Considering the popular US-China war, there seems to be an intensification in Modi's vision to be well-known in the political decisions for favoring Hindu patriotism as Modi is taking advantage of knowing the fact that India can only be the counterbalance to China. Modi in his second term was very committed to satisfying the BJP manifesto that Jammu and Kashmir was, is, and will stay associated with the Indian Union only (Rampal, 2019). Modi steadily and slowly found it a reasonable chance to make a firm move on 

Kashmir thus revoking the articles justifying this move as a reaction to the Pulwama attack and claiming it to be securing the Hindu nation in exile (Asia, 2019). 

 

Modi- Trump Shared Personality Traits & Motives 

Modi's leadership is a competition in the form of a powerful leader in the Asia Pacific region. He was the most active Prime Minister of India after Nehru and Gandhi. In only a of years, he made more than 5000 appearances and drew t the consideration of the whole nation making him one of the most intriguing political leaders India had ever and made the supporters of the fulfillment of his mission and the triumph ascribed to his solid character. Expansionistic leadership quality has been reflected in Modi's strategic personality traits, according to which it refers to the expansion of influence or one's power or power and every effort in doing so to meet the desired ends. It is a persuasion of impact or control in the aftermath of what circumstances and situation occurs expansionistic approach concentrates confidence in one's own capacity to control the ongoing (Kille, 2003). 

Circumstances or occasions thus put an impression on the world to have a level of command over the circumstances they end up creating influential leadership personality traits. Both Trump and Modi shared a common agenda and referring to their expansionistic personality approaches, Modi has exercised support from the U.S to admire its Hindutva policies running into the demography of India and hence motivated to overturn the Articles of Indian Constitution that gave special status to Kashmir. Trump's enthusiastic motive to make America for real Americans only and Modi's enthusiastic demands of making India for India only explicit the Expansionism Policy of respective states. Trump's administration logo "To Make America Great Again" and Modi-BJP's political logo "Making NaMoAgain" also coincide a lot.  Modi's view of having Trump's support as coded by Trump to be a favored and strong Political leader exaggerates leverages Modi to exercise its power and influence throughout the region (DEHLI, 2018). Such a pleasant relationship openly favors Modi's stance on Indian-occupied Kashmir and adds to the factors influencing Modi to take such a bold step in occupied Kashmir (Bhargava, 1973).  

 

US Involvement in India 

U.S. involvement in India has been seen mostly occurring during the past few years. The 24 February 2020 Trump visit to India further stretched security and defense U.S-India ties (DEHLI, 2019). Further, the visit declared plans to cooperate on trade framework and for the general well-being of the two states collectively. Trump doesn't freely make references to the brutality and the violated practices taken by Modi in Kashmir which pundits Muslim states. India consented to buy $3 billion from the US to strengthen its military gear system and joined the U.S-India oil organization to come up with an arrangement with a state-claimed Indian Oil Partnership between the U.S. and India. The U.SIndia defense deal 2019 prolife the defense security ties to India with the enrichment of the Indian base of U.S provided attack choppers, heavy lifted transport aircraft, upgraded weapon locating radars warfare heavy lifted Helicopters, U.S long-range surveillance aircraft (Akbar, 2019). 

Trade cooperation between the U.S. and India has increased to $15 billion following the 2015 year (BBC, 2019). The U.S being a support system of India in every certain manner to strengthen the Indian military and economic base favors Modi to draw its desired outcomes to gain power in office and its stance on the Kashmir issue which is the very first motive of his BJP party (Ahmad, The BJP’s Flawed Blueprint for Resurrecting 

Kashmir’s Politics, 2020). 

US-China Trade War Beneficiary for India

The popular ongoing trade war between the world's two top economies i.e. China and India has benefitted India as an emerging power in the Asian demographics. India could build its exchange trade partner in the ongoing US-China exchange trade struggle. The U.S. wants a balanced partner in the Asian region fuelling the demand to balance the power struggle between Pakistan and India and China has been a huge supporter of Pakistan. This trade war proves to be a lucky point to form the economic bases of India on the global front. Modi administration is to be paved to fulfill its demands to strengthen India as a strong nation on the world forum and thus find a loophole to make his clear enthusiastic stance on occupied Kashmir. The current US involvement of the U.S. in India and the ongoing Defense deals to strengthen the military bases framework of India are the compelling targets to draw India as a counterbalance into the Asia Continent which has direct implications as a security threat to Pakistan (Kalra, 2019).   

US-Peace Afghan talks Grantee India's move on Occupied Kashmir.

Modi favored demands in Kashmir to been paved a path with the accordance of U.S been fulfilling its duty rules in Afghanistan as Afghan Peace talks. There seems a spear in pressure between Pakistan and India over the 70-year-old Kashmir when the peace talks seem to have arrived at a basic last stage. India somehow does not want to have stability in Afghanistan because of the evolving fear of having paved Afghan–Pakistan relations which poses a direct threat to India's stability. Modi has been accused of carrying state terrorism within the occupied Kashmir, and the fear and violation of humanity need to be addressed (Anuja, 2019).  

Conclusion

Modi and his Leadership have brought some major repercussions and have further distorted the relationship between Pakistan and India. Modi's move is independent of several factors that gave him a loophole to make his stance on Kashmir among which Modi and Trump's Mutual enthusiasm esteem is among the top reasons to dig into his claws on occupied Kashmir. It is unpleasant to go into 2020 while Kashmir is still an unresolvable issue and is now defined as more complicated than it was before as the conditions in Kashmir get worse even than 70 years ago. Modi's insidious plans seemed to be surveyed as more intensified after the Pulwama outbreak. Modi had been practicing brutalities in Kashmir and perpetrating wrongdoing against humankind during 2019 and since he entered in 2020 conveying forward a similar mindset considering Muslims as enemies of Hindus while affirmed by the UN  High Commissioner for Human Rights Geneva in its recordings that around 94,000 Kashmiris unquestionably been executed, nearly 7,000 people been murdered in the authority of Armed force troops, estimating 22,000 ladies have been robbed while 105,000 youngsters have been stranded and 10,000 ladies have been assaulted and attacked by Indian military and paramilitary soldiers which are been placed in state of occupied Kashmir(Ganguly, 2019). Modi is the murderer of humanity and his strategies have been a curse not only for what he has done in Indian-occupied Kashmir but also for the whole Indian State in exile. By seeking the support of the RSS – BJP extremist manifesto, he has been able to make this big step in Kashmir causing many threatening implications in the union state as well as in the regional and international diaspora. Abrogating these articles will not only have regional implications but it will also transform the whole world globe. This move can make the two nuclear states (Pakistan and India) be confronted in battle field possibly the Great Third World War causing worldwide implications and suffering. It will portray a negative image to the world in maintaining their Arms control and Disarmament Initiatives. The situation around the globe will get worse as the Arms race will take a new shape and the nuclear powers will take advantage of the non-nuclear ones. Also foreseeing the global implications, the emergence of a new world can be predicted based upon the view that China, Russia, and Pakistan appear to be on the same pole while Western  Forces and the US constitute the other pole supporting the Indian side. Both forces are attached to their respective poles having their own security vital interests and concerns which may lead to a New World Order, the new game. India's abrogating of these articles is clearly a move to abolish the demography of Kashmir thus detaching Muslims and making it a Hindu Nationalist state. This is why we are been waiting for 70 years. We as a nation should be united regardless of been a matter of the Muslim community because this is a humanitarian issue. The international community should take strict action against the Indian stance for abrogating the articles and the issue of Kashmir should be solved as considered to be the will of the People of Kashmir. Modi's policies of legitimate Hindu Raj should come under consideration.

References

• Ahmad, N. M. (2020). The BJP’s Flawed Blueprint for Resurrecting Kashmir’s 

• Politics. The diplomat. 

• Ahmad, S. A. (2019). Guterres appeals for ‘maximum restraint’ over Jammu and 

• Ahmed, A. (2019). Kashmir and the Abrogation of Article 370: An Indian Perspective. Future Directions International. https://apo.org.au/node/255611  

• Andersen, S. D. (2018). The RSS: A View to the Inside. Google Books. 

• Anuja. (2019). What is Article 370 and why is it politically significant? Live Mint. 

• Barrister, A. M. (2019). Analysts term Indian move in Kashmir part of BJP's policy to target Muslims. 

• Bose, S. (2019). Viewpoint: has India pushed Kashmir to a point of no return? BBC News. 

• Buchanan, K. (2019). Article 370 and the Removal of Jammu and Kashmir’s Special Status. Library of Congress. 

• Farmer, B. (2019). How India's actions in Kashmir could spark a new war with 

• Pakistan. The Telegraph. 

• Farooq, A. (2019). Our hearts are on fire': Kashmir spends Eid al-Adha in lockdown. 

• Filkins, D. (2019). Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi’s India. The New Yorker. 

• Ganguly, M. (2020). India Failing on Kashmiri Human Rights. Human rights watch. 

• Gowhar, G. (2014). ‘Mission Kashmir’ and BJP’s election agenda. The Express Tribune. 

• Gupta, R. (2019). India moves to revoke Kashmir autonomy amid spike of tensions around disputed region. RT. 

• Halder, D. (2019). Article 370: Why Modi’s Kashmir strategy can also save Silicon Valley. India Today. 

• Hijab, S. M. D. (2019). Indian Revocation of Kashmir's special status. Center for strategic and international studies. 

• Hijab, S., & Melissa, D. (2019). Indian Revocation of Kashmir’s Special Status. CSIS. 

• Ismail, R. (2019). CPJ calls on India to ensure access to internet and communications services in Kashmir. Committee to Protect Journalists.

• Jaishankar, S. (2019). Changing the status of Jammu and Kashmir will benefit all of India. Financial Times. 

• Kirmani, N. (2016). How oppressed are Muslims in India? The Dawn News. 

• Lateef, S. (2019). Kashmir: India renews crackdown on citizens after violent clashes break out amid tensions with Pakistan. Independent. 

• Malik, R. (2020). Modi's lethal Kashmir plan. The Nation. 

• Mehta, P. B. (2019). Winning Kashmir and 

• Minhas, D. A. (2019). Seizing Kashmir's identity: Implications for the global peace and stability. NDU Journal. 

• Mir, A. (2019). Here’s how India’s decision to cut Kashmir’s autonomy will affect South Asia and the world. Washington Post. 

• Nur, P. D. (2019). Human Rights Violation in Kashmir: A Critical Study. International Journal of Development Research. 

• Panda, A. (2019). Indian Defense Minister: 'Circumstances' may lead to review of nuclear 'nofirst use' policy. The Diplomat. 

• Roy, A. (2019). India: Intimations of an Ending. The rise of Modi and the Hindu far right. The Nation. 

• Roy, I. (2020). India: a year after Narendra Modi’s re-election the country’s democracy is developing fascistic undertones. The Conversation Academic rigour, journalistic flair. 

• Saifi, H. R. (2019). Pakistan's Imran Khan likens India's actions in Kashmir to Nazism. CNN. 

• Srivastava, S. (2019). India revokes special status for Kashmir. CNBC. 

• Thapliyal, M. G. (2020). Article 370: The untold story. India Defence Stories. 

• Varma, S. (2019). Kashmir Has Become a Zone of Permanent, Limitless War. The Nation. 

• Waterman, A. (2019). Revoking Kashmir’s autonomy may derail efforts to end insurgency in India’s northeast. Quartz India. 

• Zakaria, A. (2020). Pakistan and human rights in Kashmir. The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. 

• Zia, A. (2020). Their wounds are our wounds”: a case for affective solidarity between Palestine and Kashmir. Taylor and Francis Online.