67 gfpr 10.31703/gfpr Global Foreign Policies Review gfpr 2788-502X 2788-5038 Humanity Publications Pakistan 393633 10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).03 4102 1.0 article Unresolved Cold War Issues of Contemporary Outer Space Arms Control Efforts Ahmad Shakeel Conceptualization Writing – original draft Rabbi Fazal Writing – review & editing Riaz Ahsan Writing – review & editing Erin J. C. Arsenault Research Fellow at the Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University Montreal Canada ssociate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan Department of Political Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Assistant Professor Punjab Pakistan Corresponding Author: Shakeel Ahmad, Erin J. C. Arsenault Research Fellow at the Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

This study did not require formal ethics approval.

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

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 2022 Humanity Publications This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Full Text PDF

The ineffectiveness of the existing space law treaties has allowed space faring nations to enhance their strategic capability, which has resulted in an increase in militarization and weaponization. Military use of the outer appears to be dominated by power politics, and there are uncertainties surrounding space governance and resources. Neither the established nor the emerging space faring states have actively engaged in arms control negotiations, including "Transparency and Confidence Building Measures (TCBMs)". Inthis article, the argument has been made that during the initial stages of the space race, various spacefaringnations agreed that the environment in outer space should be approached in a different manner; however,issues of military use of space and weaponization were not fully resolved through negations. These issues continue to persist in space law treaties in the form of legal lacuna's. If leftover issues from the Cold War-rivals are not resolved, the militarization of space will continue to increase.

 Transparency and Confidence Building Measures Legal Lacunas Deterrence Cold War Arms Control and Disarmament Space faring Nations Power Politics views760 downloads44 html-views0 google-scholar-citations0 crossref-citations0 Content

The ineffectiveness of the existing space law treaties has allowed space faring nations to enhance their strategic capability, which has resulted in an increase in militarization and weaponization. Military use of the outer appears to be dominated by power politics, and there are uncertainties surrounding space governance and resources. Neither the established nor the emerging space faring states have actively engaged in arms control negotiations, including "Transparency and Confidence Building Measures (TCBMs)". Inthis article, the argument has been made that during the initial stages of the space race, various spacefaringnations agreed that the environment in outer space should be approached in a different manner; however,issues of military use of space and weaponization were not fully resolved through negations. These issues continue to persist in space law treaties in the form of legal lacuna's. If leftover issues from the Cold War-rivals are not resolved, the militarization of space will continue to increase.

 Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

 Ethics Statement

This study did not require formal ethics approval.

 Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

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