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  <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">67</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="short-title">gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Global Foreign Policies Review</journal-title>
    <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">gfpr</abbrev-journal-title>
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  <issn publication-format="print">2788-502X</issn>
  <issn publication-format="electronic">2788-5038</issn>
  <self-uri xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com"/>
  <publisher>
    <publisher-name>Humanity Publications</publisher-name>
    <publisher-loc>Pakistan</publisher-loc>
  </publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
  <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">394320</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr.2023(VI-I).04</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="submission-id">4789</article-id>
  <article-version article-version-type="publisher">1.0</article-version>
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    <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>article</subject>
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  </article-categories>
  <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Global Climate Change and Human Security Nexus: A Case of Pakistan</article-title>
  </title-group>
<contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="1" corresp="yes">
    <name>
      <surname>Raazia</surname>
      <given-names>Izzat</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – original draft" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/">Writing – original draft</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="2">
    <name>
      <surname>Amin</surname>
      <given-names>Asif</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="3">
    <name>
      <surname>Irfan</surname>
      <given-names>Sheeba</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
  </contrib>
  <aff id="aff1">
    <label>1</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>Doctoral Candidate, School of Integrated Social Sciences (SISS), The University of Lahore, Lahore</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
  <aff id="aff2">
    <label>2</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>School of Integrated Social Sciences (SISS), The University of Lahore, Lahore</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">Assistant Professor</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
  <aff id="aff3">
    <label>3</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>Centre for South Asian Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">PhD Scholar</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
  <corresp id="cor1">Corresponding Author: Izzat Raazia, Doctoral Candidate, School of Integrated Social Sciences (SISS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="fn-coi">
  <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="ethics-statement" id="fn-ethics">
  <p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="data-availability-statement" id="fn-data">
  <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
  <day>31</day>
  <month>03</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
  <month>03</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print">
  <day>09</day>
  <month>03</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
  <volume>6</volume>
  <issue>1</issue>
  <season>Winter</season>
  <fpage>39</fpage>
  <lpage>52</lpage>
  <history>
    <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>09</day>
      <month>03</month>
      <year>2023</year>
    </date>
  </history>
<funding-group>
  <funding-statement>
<p>The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p>
  </funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<permissions>
  <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
  <copyright-holder>Humanity Publications</copyright-holder>
  <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
  </license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/article/global-climate-change-and-human-security-nexus-a-case-of-pakistan"/>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/1EWdnltLOl.pdf"/>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/1EWdnltLOl.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  <abstract>
    <p>Pakistan is susceptible to climate variations such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and the glaciers melting have all had devastating effects on human security. Furthermore, people are forced to leave their homes due to continuous floods, making them more vulnerable to disease and economic collapse. The international cooperation needs to adopt policy responses and adaptation plans to develop resilience and reduce vulnerability to the effects of climate change. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Paris Agreement, adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are two landmark international legal instruments when it comes to addressing the human security implications of climate change. Despite these legal frameworks, climate change implications on human security are not being adequately addressed. Effectively human security crisis needs meaningful participation of affected communities that prioritize the most vulnerable populations and promotes the protection and fulfilment of human needs.</p>
  </abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
  <kwd>Climate Change</kwd>
  <kwd>Human Security</kwd>
  <kwd>International Law</kwd>
  <kwd>Pakistan</kwd>
  <kwd>Adaptation and Mitigation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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</front>
<body>
  <sec id="sec-intro">
    <title>Content</title>
    <p>Pakistan is susceptible to climate variations such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and the glaciers melting have all had devastating effects on human security. Furthermore, people are forced to leave their homes due to continuous floods, making them more vulnerable to disease and economic collapse. The international cooperation needs to adopt policy responses and adaptation plans to develop resilience and reduce vulnerability to the effects of climate change. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Paris Agreement, adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are two landmark international legal instruments when it comes to addressing the human security implications of climate change. Despite these legal frameworks, climate change implications on human security are not being adequately addressed. Effectively human security crisis needs meaningful participation of affected communities that prioritize the most vulnerable populations and promotes the protection and fulfilment of human needs.</p>
  </sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group content-type="conflict-of-interest">
  <title>Conflict of Interest</title>
  <fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="ethics-statement">
  <title>Ethics Statement</title>
  <fn fn-type="ethics">
<p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="data-availability">
  <title>Data Availability</title>
  <fn fn-type="data-availability-statement">
<p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<app-group>
  <app id="app-suppl">
    <title>Supplementary Materials</title>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/1EWdnltLOl.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  </app>
</app-group>
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