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  <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">67</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="short-title">gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Global Foreign Policies Review</journal-title>
    <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">gfpr</abbrev-journal-title>
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  <issn publication-format="print">2788-502X</issn>
  <issn publication-format="electronic">2788-5038</issn>
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  <publisher>
    <publisher-name>Humanity Publications</publisher-name>
    <publisher-loc>Pakistan</publisher-loc>
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<article-meta>
  <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">395742</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr.2025(VIII-III).01</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="submission-id">6209</article-id>
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  <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">A Comparative Study of Regional and Global Responses to the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Its Implications for Peace in Pakistan and Afghanistan</article-title>
  </title-group>
<contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="1" corresp="yes">
    <name>
      <surname>Malik</surname>
      <given-names>Uzma</given-names>
    </name>
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  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="2">
    <name>
      <surname>Rahim</surname>
      <given-names>Salma</given-names>
    </name>
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    <name>
      <surname>Noreen</surname>
      <given-names>Kanwal</given-names>
    </name>
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  <aff id="aff1">
    <label>1</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">Lecturer</named-content>
    <addr-line>Islamabad</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
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<author-notes>
  <corresp id="cor1">Corresponding Author: Uzma Malik, Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="fn-coi">
  <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="ethics-statement" id="fn-ethics">
  <p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="data-availability-statement" id="fn-data">
  <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
  <day>30</day>
  <month>09</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
  <month>09</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print">
  <day>08</day>
  <month>08</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
  <volume>8</volume>
  <issue>3</issue>
  <season>Summer</season>
  <fpage>1</fpage>
  <lpage>14</lpage>
  <history>
    <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>08</day>
      <month>08</month>
      <year>2025</year>
    </date>
  </history>
<funding-group>
  <funding-statement>
<p>The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p>
  </funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<permissions>
  <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
  <copyright-holder>Humanity Publications</copyright-holder>
  <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
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<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/4UqOJMDdJk.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
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  <abstract>
    <p>In the first part of this paper, the author analyzes the reaction of the global and regional communities after the USA&apos;s withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, and also discusses the impact on the stability plan in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The US withdrawal also brought a number of political realignments and security transformations along with economic modifications that resulted in a shift in many dynamics of the relations of Pakistan and China, and also India and Russia. Security threats and humanitarian crisis resulting from the withdrawal affect Afghanistan and place pressure on the country&apos;s foreign policy, which challenges Pakistan.. The research also shows that co-operation and withdrawal worked as a motive for both Pakistan and China to consolidate their regional power, but the situation in Afghanistan, which is characterized by insecurity, hinders the two nations when it comes to peace and development of their countries individually.</p>
  </abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
  <kwd>U.S. Withdrawal</kwd>
  <kwd>Afghanistan</kwd>
  <kwd>Pakistan</kwd>
  <kwd>Regional Responses</kwd>
  <kwd>Security Dynamics</kwd>
  <kwd>Humanitarian Crisis</kwd>
  <kwd>Geopolitical Shifts</kwd>
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<body>
  <sec id="sec-intro">
    <title>Content</title>
    <p>In the first part of this paper, the author analyzes the reaction of the global and regional communities after the USA&apos;s withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, and also discusses the impact on the stability plan in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The US withdrawal also brought a number of political realignments and security transformations along with economic modifications that resulted in a shift in many dynamics of the relations of Pakistan and China, and also India and Russia. Security threats and humanitarian crisis resulting from the withdrawal affect Afghanistan and place pressure on the country&apos;s foreign policy, which challenges Pakistan.. The research also shows that co-operation and withdrawal worked as a motive for both Pakistan and China to consolidate their regional power, but the situation in Afghanistan, which is characterized by insecurity, hinders the two nations when it comes to peace and development of their countries individually.</p>
  </sec>
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<back>
<fn-group content-type="conflict-of-interest">
  <title>Conflict of Interest</title>
  <fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="ethics-statement">
  <title>Ethics Statement</title>
  <fn fn-type="ethics">
<p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="data-availability">
  <title>Data Availability</title>
  <fn fn-type="data-availability-statement">
<p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
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    <title>Supplementary Materials</title>
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  <label>PDF</label>
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