67 gfpr 10.31703/gfpr Global Foreign Policies Review gfpr 2788-502X 2788-5038 Humanity Publications Pakistan 395825 10.31703/gfpr.2025(VIII-III).02 6292 1.0 article The Changing Dynamics of Pakistan’s Relations with the Former Soviet Union, 1947-91 Ayaz Mohammad Conceptualization Writing – original draft Nawaz Saqib Writing – review & editing Ullah Kiramat Writing – review & editing /In-Charge/Chairperson, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology KUST, Kohat Lecturer KP Pakistan Pakistan Studies, Government Degree College Shakardara, Kohat Lecturer KP Pakistan Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology KUST, Kohat Lecturer KP Pakistan Corresponding Author: Mohammad Ayaz, Lecturer/In-Charge/Chairperson, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology KUST, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

This study did not require formal ethics approval.

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

 30 09 2025 09 2025 08 08 2025 8 3 Summer 15 22 08 08 2025

The authors received no specific funding for this work.

 2025 Humanity Publications This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Full Text PDF

Throughout the Cold War era (1947-91) relationship between Pakistan and the Soviet Union fluctuated up and down. Due to the important geo-strategic location, and rivalry with India, Pakistan was compelled to join Southeast Atlantic Treaty Organization (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). Tensure its security requirements Pakistan needed a friend who could help in internal and external security issues. Thus, Pakistan became a front-line state against Soviet Union after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and therefore, had strained relations with Moscow throughout Cold War era. However, despite Pakistan’s alliance against communist expansion the US imposed embargo on providing weapons to Pakistan during 1965, and 1971 war with India. Consequently, Pakistan had to chang her foreign policy and due to changing geo-economic dynamics was forced to mend relations with USSR. This research paper seeks to explore the historical relationship between Pakistan and the Soviet Union during the cold war period.

 Afghanistan Communist Cold War Geo-Strategic Mujahideen Soviet Union views42 downloads39 html-views0 google-scholar-citations0 crossref-citations0 Content

Throughout the Cold War era (1947-91) relationship between Pakistan and the Soviet Union fluctuated up and down. Due to the important geo-strategic location, and rivalry with India, Pakistan was compelled to join Southeast Atlantic Treaty Organization (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). Tensure its security requirements Pakistan needed a friend who could help in internal and external security issues. Thus, Pakistan became a front-line state against Soviet Union after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and therefore, had strained relations with Moscow throughout Cold War era. However, despite Pakistan’s alliance against communist expansion the US imposed embargo on providing weapons to Pakistan during 1965, and 1971 war with India. Consequently, Pakistan had to chang her foreign policy and due to changing geo-economic dynamics was forced to mend relations with USSR. This research paper seeks to explore the historical relationship between Pakistan and the Soviet Union during the cold war period.

 Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

 Ethics Statement

This study did not require formal ethics approval.

 Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

 Supplementary Materials Full Text PDF