<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">67</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="short-title">gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Global Foreign Policies Review</journal-title>
    <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">gfpr</abbrev-journal-title>
  </journal-title-group>
  <issn publication-format="print">2788-502X</issn>
  <issn publication-format="electronic">2788-5038</issn>
  <self-uri xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com"/>
  <publisher>
    <publisher-name>Humanity Publications</publisher-name>
    <publisher-loc>Pakistan</publisher-loc>
  </publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
  <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">395843</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr.2025(VIII-IV).01</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="submission-id">6310</article-id>
  <article-version article-version-type="publisher">1.0</article-version>
  <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>article</subject>
    </subj-group>
  </article-categories>
  <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Great-Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Shifting Alignments and Strategic Calculations</article-title>
  </title-group>
<contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="1" corresp="yes">
    <name>
      <surname>Waqar</surname>
      <given-names>Abdul</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – original draft" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/">Writing – original draft</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="2">
    <name>
      <surname>Nawaz</surname>
      <given-names>Adnan</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="3">
    <name>
      <surname>Liaqat</surname>
      <given-names>Bilal Bin</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
  </contrib>
  <aff id="aff1">
    <label>1</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">PhD Scholar</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
  <aff id="aff2">
    <label>2</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>(OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">Assistant Professor</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
  <corresp id="cor1">Corresponding Author: Abdul Waqar, PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="fn-coi">
  <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="ethics-statement" id="fn-ethics">
  <p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="data-availability-statement" id="fn-data">
  <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
  <day>31</day>
  <month>12</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
  <month>12</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print">
  <day>04</day>
  <month>12</month>
  <year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
  <volume>8</volume>
  <issue>4</issue>
  <season>Fall</season>
  <fpage>1</fpage>
  <lpage>7</lpage>
  <history>
    <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>04</day>
      <month>12</month>
      <year>2025</year>
    </date>
  </history>
<funding-group>
  <funding-statement>
<p>The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p>
  </funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<permissions>
  <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
  <copyright-holder>Humanity Publications</copyright-holder>
  <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
  </license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/article/greatpower-competition-in-the-indopacific-shifting-alignments-and-strategic-calculations"/>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/ktT9YfTSIN.pdf"/>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/ktT9YfTSIN.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  <abstract>
    <p>The current geopolitical scenario between the United States and China brings to the forefront the key role played by the Indo-Pacific in the geopolitical rivalries of the 21st century. In addition to evolving security dynamics and economic interdependence, India, Japan, Australia, and the ASEAN member states are regional powers that are reshaping their foreign policy in order to deal with these threats. This research focuses on the key pivots of the Indo-Pacific and the effects of great-power rivalry on the region&apos;s strategies, security frameworks, and diplomacy. The research, based on qualitative methods and primary and secondary sources, identifies the increasing use of minimum alignments, technological collaboration, and mini-lateral partnerships as the regional states&apos; best means of geopolitical hedging to maintain their strategic autonomy. The Indo-Pacific will remain a contested multi-polar region that is characterized by security and geo-economic competition.</p>
  </abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
  <kwd>Indo-Pacific</kwd>
  <kwd>Great-Power Competition</kwd>
  <kwd>United States</kwd>
  <kwd>China</kwd>
  <kwd>Strategic Alignments</kwd>
  <kwd>Security Architecture</kwd>
  <kwd>Quad</kwd>
  <kwd>AUKUS</kwd>
  <kwd>Regional Order</kwd>
  <kwd>Geopolitics</kwd>
</kwd-group>
  <custom-meta-group>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>views</meta-name><meta-value>69</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>downloads</meta-name><meta-value>59</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>html-views</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>google-scholar-citations</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>crossref-citations</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
  </custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
  <sec id="sec-intro">
    <title>Content</title>
    <p>The current geopolitical scenario between the United States and China brings to the forefront the key role played by the Indo-Pacific in the geopolitical rivalries of the 21st century. In addition to evolving security dynamics and economic interdependence, India, Japan, Australia, and the ASEAN member states are regional powers that are reshaping their foreign policy in order to deal with these threats. This research focuses on the key pivots of the Indo-Pacific and the effects of great-power rivalry on the region&apos;s strategies, security frameworks, and diplomacy. The research, based on qualitative methods and primary and secondary sources, identifies the increasing use of minimum alignments, technological collaboration, and mini-lateral partnerships as the regional states&apos; best means of geopolitical hedging to maintain their strategic autonomy. The Indo-Pacific will remain a contested multi-polar region that is characterized by security and geo-economic competition.</p>
  </sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group content-type="conflict-of-interest">
  <title>Conflict of Interest</title>
  <fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="ethics-statement">
  <title>Ethics Statement</title>
  <fn fn-type="ethics">
<p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="data-availability">
  <title>Data Availability</title>
  <fn fn-type="data-availability-statement">
<p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<app-group>
  <app id="app-suppl">
    <title>Supplementary Materials</title>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/ktT9YfTSIN.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  </app>
</app-group>
</back>
</article>