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  <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">67</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="short-title">gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr</journal-id>
  <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Global Foreign Policies Review</journal-title>
    <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">gfpr</abbrev-journal-title>
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  <issn publication-format="print">2788-502X</issn>
  <issn publication-format="electronic">2788-5038</issn>
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    <publisher-name>Humanity Publications</publisher-name>
    <publisher-loc>Pakistan</publisher-loc>
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<article-meta>
  <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">395981</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).03</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="submission-id">6448</article-id>
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  <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Competing for Influence: Us-China Soft Power Strategies in South Africa</article-title>
  </title-group>
<contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="1" corresp="yes">
    <name>
      <surname>Hayyat</surname>
      <given-names>Virda</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
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    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="2">
    <name>
      <surname>Nasir</surname>
      <given-names>Urwa</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
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  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="3">
    <name>
      <surname>Liaqat</surname>
      <given-names>Bilal Bin</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
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  <aff id="aff1">
    <label>1</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
  <aff id="aff2">
    <label>2</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>(OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">Assistant Professor</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
  <corresp id="cor1">Corresponding Author: Virda Hayyat, BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="fn-coi">
  <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="ethics-statement" id="fn-ethics">
  <p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="data-availability-statement" id="fn-data">
  <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
  <day>30</day>
  <month>06</month>
  <year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
  <month>06</month>
  <year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print">
  <day>12</day>
  <month>05</month>
  <year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
  <volume>9</volume>
  <issue>2</issue>
  <season>Spring</season>
  <fpage>16</fpage>
  <lpage>24</lpage>
  <history>
    <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>12</day>
      <month>05</month>
      <year>2026</year>
    </date>
  </history>
<funding-group>
  <funding-statement>
<p>The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p>
  </funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<permissions>
  <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
  <copyright-holder>Humanity Publications</copyright-holder>
  <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
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  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  <abstract>
    <p>South Africa is the center of world strategic rivalry, where the United States and China use opposite soft power strategies to increase their dominance. This paper examines how these two powers use soft power to assert greater influence in South Africa, the most industrialized African country and a powerful state in BRICS. The involvement can be predominantly defined as China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects, infrastructure investments and cultural diplomacy and the US with regards to the democratic government, institutional cooperation, and education. It will also look at the South African perception of the emerging U.S. China competition and how it manages to maneuver its national interests and strategic independence. The qualitative research is related to the comprehension of how this competition is formed in the orientation of South Africa foreign policy, regional leadership, and place in the changing global power system.</p>
  </abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
  <kwd>Soft Power</kwd>
  <kwd>U.S. China Competition</kwd>
  <kwd>South Africa</kwd>
  <kwd>BRICS</kwd>
  <kwd>Foreign Policy</kwd>
  <kwd>Geopolitics</kwd>
  <kwd>Africa</kwd>
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</front>
<body>
  <sec id="sec-intro">
    <title>Content</title>
    <p>South Africa is the center of world strategic rivalry, where the United States and China use opposite soft power strategies to increase their dominance. This paper examines how these two powers use soft power to assert greater influence in South Africa, the most industrialized African country and a powerful state in BRICS. The involvement can be predominantly defined as China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects, infrastructure investments and cultural diplomacy and the US with regards to the democratic government, institutional cooperation, and education. It will also look at the South African perception of the emerging U.S. China competition and how it manages to maneuver its national interests and strategic independence. The qualitative research is related to the comprehension of how this competition is formed in the orientation of South Africa foreign policy, regional leadership, and place in the changing global power system.</p>
  </sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group content-type="conflict-of-interest">
  <title>Conflict of Interest</title>
  <fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="ethics-statement">
  <title>Ethics Statement</title>
  <fn fn-type="ethics">
<p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="data-availability">
  <title>Data Availability</title>
  <fn fn-type="data-availability-statement">
<p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
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  <app id="app-suppl">
    <title>Supplementary Materials</title>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gfprjournal.com/pdf/gfpr/bX0DKgNaYW.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
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</supplementary-material>
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</article>